TCP/IP Model Layers Cheat Sheet

 TCP/IP Model Layers Cheat Sheet


OSI Model
The Open Systems Interc­onn­ection model (OSI Model) is a conceptual model that charac­terizes and standa­rdizes the commun­ication functions of a teleco­mmu­nic­ation or computing system without regard of their underlying internal structure and techno­logy. Its goal is the intero­per­ability of diverse commun­ication systems with standard protocols. The model partitions a commun­ication system into abstra­ction layers. The original version of the model defined seven layers. A layer serves the layer above it and is served by the layer below it.

1. PHYSICAL Layer
Transm­ission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium

2. DATA LINK Layer
Reliable transm­ission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer

3. NETWORK Layer
Struct­uring and managing a multi-node network, including addres­sing, routing and traffic control

4. TRANSPORT Layer
Reliable transm­ission of data segments between points on a network, including segmen­tation, acknow­led­gement and multip­lexing

5. SESSION Layer
Managing commun­ication sessions, i.e. continuous exchange of inform­ation in the form of multiple back-a­nd-­forth transm­issions between two nodes

6. PRESEN­TATION Layer
Transl­ation of data between a networking service and an applic­ation; including character encoding, data compre­ssion and encryp­tio­n/d­ecr­yption

7. APPLIC­ATION Layer
High-level APIs, including resource sharing, remote file access, directory services and virtual terminals


TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP provides end-to-end connec­tivity specifying how data should be packet­ized, addressed, transm­itted, routed and received at the destin­ation. This functi­onality is organized into four abstra­ction layers which are used to sort all related protocols according to the scope of networking involved

1. NETWORK INTERFACE Layer
Specifies how data is physically sent through the network, including how bits are electr­ically signaled by hardware devices that interface directly with a network medium, such as: Coaxial cable, Optical fiber, Twiste­d-pair copper wire,, Ethernet, RS-232

 2. NETWOR­K/I­NTERNET Layer
Packages data into IP datagrams, containing source and destin­ation address inform­ation used to forward datagrams between hosts and across networks. Protocols are: IP (Internet Protocol), ICMP(I­nternet Control Message Protocol), ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)

3. TRANSPORT Layer
Provides commun­ication session management between computers. Defines the level of service and status of the connec­tio­n.The main protocols included at Transport layer are: TCP (Trans­mission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

4. APPLIC­ATION Layer
Applic­ation layer includes all the higher­-level protocols:
Telnet
X Windows
SSH (Secure SHell)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
DNS (Domain Naming System)
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Config­uration Protocol)
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

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